Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common virus that can cause genital warts, and while treatment can clear these warts, they sometimes come back.

Genital warts often recur within 3 months of the initial treatment. A recurrence is defined as warts caused by the same human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype in the same place.

Studies suggest that recurrence rates can vary. Some people experience warts returning shortly after removal, while others may never have a recurrence.

Factors like immune system health, type of HPV, and treatment methods can all influence how often warts may come back.

Several factors can increase or decrease the likelihood of warts recurring after treatment:

  • Immune system health: People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or those taking immunosuppressant medications, are more likely to experience recurrent HPV-related warts. A stronger immune system can better weaken the virus and lower the chances of recurrence.
  • HPV strain: HPV-related warts are typically caused by low risk strains of the virus, mainly HPV types 6 and 11. These specific strains can be persistent, which may result in a higher likelihood of recurrence.
  • Sexual activity: Engaging in sexual activity with a partner living with HPV can increase the risk of reinfection or recurrence of warts. HPV can still be present on the skin, even if you can’t see any warts. Barrier methods like condoms can reduce the risk but may not fully prevent HPV transmission.
  • Smoking: Smoking tobacco has been linked to higher rates of HPV recurrence, according to some research.

The treatment method you use may also affect whether your warts recur. Cryotherapy (freezing) and surgical removal of warts tend to have lower recurrence rates.

Another common treatment for HPV warts is topical medication. These are creams or gels that you apply to the warts. While these creams can be helpful, the recurrence rate may be higher.

However, no treatment can guarantee warts won’t return.

It’s not always possible to completely prevent HPV-related warts from coming back, but there are steps you can take to help reduce the chances of recurrence.

Support your immune system

A healthy immune system is one of the best defenses against recurring warts. Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly, getting enough sleep, and managing stress can all help strengthen your immune system.

Stick to your treatment plan

Follow the treatment plan recommended by your healthcare professional. If you’re prescribed topical treatments, make sure to use them as directed.

If you undergo procedures like cryotherapy or surgical removal, follow up with any recommended aftercare to promote healing and lower the risk of recurrence.

Get the HPV vaccine

The HPV vaccine, while primarily designed to prevent infection from certain strains of HPV, might still be helpful for people who have already been exposed to the virus.

Speak with a healthcare professional to see if getting the vaccine is right for you.

Practice sex with a barrier method

Using condoms or dental dams can help lower the risk of transmitting or contracting HPV, but it’s important to note that these barriers don’t provide complete protection against the virus.

HPV can affect areas not covered by a condom, so while barrier methods can help, they’re not foolproof.

Routine check-ups

Regular visits to your healthcare professional can help you monitor your condition. If you notice any signs of recurrence, such as new warts, seeking early treatment can help manage them before they spread or worsen.

Consider quitting smoking

Tobacco smoking is associated with a higher risk of HPV wart recurrence, so if you smoke it might be a good idea to quit smoking. For more info, read our resources on smoking cessation.

For more personalized advice, you could speak with a healthcare professional about preventing HPV recurrence.

HPV-related warts can recur, but the likelihood varies from person to person.

Factors like the strength of your immune system, the specific strain of HPV, and the type of treatment you received all play a role in determining how often warts may come back.

If you’re concerned about HPV-related warts returning, talk with a healthcare professional to discuss your options for prevention and treatment.

Sian Ferguson is a freelance health and cannabis writer based in Cape Town, South Africa. She’s passionate about empowering readers to take care of their mental and physical health through science-based, empathetically delivered information.